5 Types of Malware Attacks and How to Prevent Them

We have talked a lot about the importance of having reliable technology when running a business. One of the most important reasons is to protect against cybercrime.

Owners need to make cybersecurity a priority since cyber threats are more prevalent than ever. A total of 6.06 billion malware attacks were recorded globally in 2023, demonstrating that no company is safe from cyber threats. Hackers take advantage of weak points in networks, software, and employee protocols, frequently going after companies without robust security protocols. Even a single malware attack can result in customer data theft, financial loss, and business interruption. Ignoring cybersecurity can put a whole future of a business at risk, especially at a time when online operations are central to success

Small businesses are no less vulnerable to cyberattacks than larger ones. In fact, 54% of SMEs reported they experienced between one and five cyberattacks in a year, which makes it clear that cyber attackers do not discriminate by business size. Even worse, small businesses typically lack the resources to recover after an attack. Robert Johnson, III, President & CEO at Cimcor, Inc cites studies that have shown that 60% of small businesses shut down within six months of falling victim to a data breach or cyberattack. This makes proactive cybersecurity measures—such as robust passwords, software updates, and employee training—essential to business survival.

“Data breaches are one of the top concerns for today’s organizations. The costs of these breaches continue to increase, with the average global cost of a single breach hovering at $3.62 million. Beyond the financial consequences of a breach, network security is also hugely important for any business because an attack can compromise the trust of your customers.”

Malware is like an online pest that can mess with your devices, steal your info or lock you out of your own data (or equipment). You need to protect against it to protect your business from cyberattacks.  

They’re becoming more and more common, so understanding how they work can help you avoid them. 

Let’s look at five common types of malware – and what you can do to stay safe.

1. Viruses

Viruses are one of the oldest and most well-known types of malware. They attach themselves to legitimate files or programs and spread when you run the infected file. 

Once inside your system, a virus can delete files, slow down your computer or even crash your system altogether.

For example, the Melissa virus from 1999 caused millions of dollars in damage by spreading through email attachments. 

While modern antivirus software has made it easier to fight viruses, they’re still a big problem if you don’t stay protected.

How to Prevent Viruses:

• Don’t open email attachments from unknown senders.
• Install and update antivirus software regularly.
• Be careful when downloading files from untrusted websites.

2. Ransomware

Ransomware is a type of malware that locks your files or device and demands payment (a ransom, hence its name) to unlock it. This type of attack can target individuals, businesses and even hospitals.

One of the most well known ransomware attacks was the 2017 WannaCry. It infected over 200,000 computers in 150 countries, causing chaos in systems like healthcare and transportation. Victims had to pay in Bitcoin to get their data back.

How to Prevent Ransomware:

• Back up your files regularly on an external drive or cloud service.
• Keep your software and operating system up to date.
• Don’t click on suspicious links or download attachments from unknown sources.

3. Spyware

Spyware is sneaky malware that works in the background, tracking your activity without you knowing. 

It can monitor your browsing habits, steal passwords or collect sensitive data like credit card numbers.

One example of spyware is the Pegasus spyware. It could silently infect a phone and turn it into a spying device, recording conversations and accessing private messages – without you even noticing.

How to Prevent Spyware:

• Be careful about the apps you download, especially from unofficial sources.
• Use tools like browser extensions that block trackers.
• Consider a VPN to protect your online activity. For more information, visit Surfshark’s official website to see how VPNs can add an extra layer of security.

4. Trojans

Trojans are malware that disguise themselves as legitimate software. Unlike viruses, Trojans don’t replicate themselves, but can create backdoors in your system for hackers to access your data.

For example, the Zeus Trojan stole millions of users’ banking info by tricking them into downloading it. Hackers used it to drain victims’ bank accounts without them knowing.

How to Prevent Trojans:

• Don’t download free software from unknown sources.
• Check file extensions, an image or video file shouldn’t end in .exe.
• Use firewalls to block access to your device.

5. Adware

Adware seems harmless compared to other malware, but it’s still a problem. It shows you unwanted ads, slows down your device and, sometimes, tracks your browsing habits.

A common example of adware is the pop-up ads you see after visiting shady websites. While they won’t directly harm your computer, some can trick you into downloading more malware.

How to Prevent Adware:

• Use ad-blockers when browsing.
• Don’t click on ads, especially those that are too good to be true.
• Scan your device regularly with anti-malware software.

Why Does Malware Happen So Often?

Cybercriminals use malware for a very simple reason – because it works. According to a report by Cybersecurity Ventures, cybercrime will cost the world $10.5 trillion, which is more than the GDP of many countries!

Malware happens because people let their guard down. A single, careless click, or an outdated software can give hackers an opening. 

Conclusion

Malware can be scary, especially if you don’t really understand it – but knowing how to protect yourself makes all the difference. By being careful, using tools like antiviruses and VPNs and practicing proper cyberhygiene, you can reduce your chances of being a victim.

No system is 100% foolproof, but being proactive is the best defence. Back up your files, avoid suspicious downloads and consider using a VPN to make your online activity more secure. The more you know about malware, the more you can keep it at bay.